Abstract The process of temperate forest harvesting generates reversible impacts on the soil by altering its properties, mainly due to the reduction of vegetation, as well as to cutting and dragging of wood, which causes an increase in apparent density and reduces infiltration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different forest management practices on the physical-hydrological properties of the soil and their relationship with water infiltration in temperate forest soils. The study areas were: recently intervened area, with the intervention dating back 18 years, and conservation area (control) in a temperate pine-oak forest under exploitation in the state of Hidalgo. The variables evaluated were bulk density and porosity (methodology proposed by USDA), granulometry (Bouyoucos method), and infiltration tests with the double-ring method. The results for bulk density were higher in the recently intervened area (0.62 g cm-3) and lower in the conservation area (0.32 g cm-3). Porosity in the conserved area was 11 % higher than in the recently intervened area (88 and 77 %, respectively). The infiltration rate in the conserved area was 2.641 cm min-1 compared to 0.655 cm min-1 in the area intervened 18 years ago. The authors conclude that the bulk density of the soil increases, while the porosity and infiltration capacity decrease with the implementation of harvesting activities ―a situation that gradually recovers with the establishment of new forests.

Resumen El proceso de aprovechamiento del bosque templado genera impactos reversibles en el suelo al alterar sus propiedades, principalmente por la reducción de la vegetación, troceo y arrastre de la madera que ocasiona aumento en la densidad aparente y reduce la infiltración. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes prácticas de manejo forestal sobre propiedades físico-hidrológicas del suelo y su relación con la infiltración del agua en los suelos de un bosque de clima templado. Las áreas de estudio fueron: área de reciente intervención, intervenida hace 18 años y área de conservación (testigo) en un bosque templado de pino-encino bajo aprovechamiento en el estado de Hidalgo. Las variables evaluadas fueron, densidad aparente y porosidad (metodología propuesta por USDA), granulometría (método de Bouyoucos) y pruebas de infiltración con el método de doble anillo. Los resultados de la densidad aparente fueron mayores en el área de reciente intervención (0.62 g cm-3) y menor en el área de conservación (0.32 g cm-3). La porosidad en el área conservada superó en 11 % al área de reciente intervención (88 y 77 %, respectivamente). La tasa de infiltración en el área conservada tuvo 2.641 cm min-1 en comparación con 0.655 cm min-1 del área intervenida hace 18 años. Se concluye que la densidad aparente del suelo se incrementa mientras que la porosidad y capacidad de infiltración disminuyen con la ejecución de las actividades de aprovechamiento, situación que se recupera en forma gradual con el establecimiento de los nuevos bosques.

Abstract Through a photograph preserved at the National Archive of Photography in Pachuca (state of Hidalgo), this work recreates a specific area of the Augustinian convent of Actopan (also in Hidalgo). As it proposes a kind of virtual reconstruction, it also situates, within Mexican time and space, several institutions in charge of creating this kind of photographic images, fundamental for the recording of Mexican heritage, and produced mainly with view cameras. This is a work of hybrid characteristics. On one hand, it contextualizes novo-Hispanic monastic buildings in relation to the different historical stages that they were part of; on the other, it provides the necessary context for a photograph as a primary source. Because the study is closely related to architecture of the viceroyalty, Guillermo Kahlo is mentioned frequently. He is a celebrated individual who allows us to go deeper into the subject of Mexican monument records, a practice which started consolidating from the time of Porfirio Díaz’ presidency. This is a text which combines architectural and photographic heritage. Thus, it concludes with a sequence of images obtained from a visual inspection on site and manipulated on a screen, with the help of specialized computer programs.

Resumen El siguiente trabajo presenta y utiliza una fotografía conservada en la Fototeca Nacional (Pachuca) para recrear una parte concreta del convento agustino de Actopan (también en Hidalgo). Propone una reconstrucción de tipo virtual, pero también ubica en el tiempo y espacio mexicanos a varias de las instituciones encargadas de generar este tipo de imágenes fotográficas, clave para el registro patrimonial mexicano, y generadas sobre todo por cámaras de fuelle. Se trata de un escrito con características híbridas. Por un lado, presenta un contexto para las etapas históricas que conocieran los edificios monásticos novohispanos; por otro, la necesaria contextualización para una pieza fotográfica. Debido a la cercanía del tema, arquitectura virreinal, es mencionado con frecuencia Guillermo Kahlo, un célebre personaje que permite adentrarse en el tema del registro monumental mexicano, práctica que conociera una estabilidad a partir del periodo porfiriano. Es una combinación de un patrimonio arquitectónico con un patrimonio fotográfico, de manera que el escrito cierra con una secuencia de imágenes obtenidas mediante un registro visual in situ y de su manipulación ante un monitor y con auxilio de los programas especializados.

RESUMEN Se evaluó la prevalencia de infección por parásitos tripanosomátidos en Didelphis marsupialis y su relación con los aspectos morfológicos/etarios en una zona rural de El Carmen de Bolívar, Colombia. En cinco visitas (2018-2019) se instalaron trampas Tomahawk® en los ecótopos peridoméstico y silvestre en la Vereda El Alférez, durante tres noches consecutivas/visita. A los animales recolectados, se les determinaron medidas corporales, sexo y edad; y se les extrajo sangre por cardiopuntura, previa sedación, para extracción del ácido desoxirribonucleico (ADN) total y amplificación de la región conservada del ADN de minicírculos de kinetoplasto (ADNk) de parásitos tripanosomátidos. La asociación entre parámetros morfológicos de los didélfidos y su frecuencia de infección por parásitos tripanosomátidos fue determinada mediante una regresión binomial. Se recolectaron 30 individuos de D. marsupialis (60,0% hembras y 40,0% machos/66,7% adultos y 33,3% juveniles). El diagnóstico molecular reveló una frecuencia de infección por parásitos tripanosomátidos del 46,7%. El estadio (p=0,024) fue determinante para la infección. Se discute el papel de D. marsupialis como potencial reservorio de parásitos tripanosomátidos en la zona evaluada.

ABSTRACT We studied the prevalence of infection by trypanosomatid parasites in Didelphis marsupialis and its relationship with morphological/age aspects in a rural area of El Carmen de Bolivar, Colombia. Five visits were made to the Vereda El Alférez; each of which lasted three consecutive nights. During these visits, Tomahawk® traps were installed in the peridomestic and wild ecotopes of the Vereda El Alférez. Body measurements, sex and age were determined from the collected animals. Blood was extracted by cardiopuncture, after sedation, in order to obtain total deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and amplify the conserved region of the kinetoplast minicircle DNA (kDNA) of parasitic trypanosomatids. The association between morphological parameters of didelphids and their frequency of infection by parasitic trypanosomatids was determined by binomial regression. Thirty D. marsupialis specimens (60.0% females and 40.0% males/66.7% adults and 33.3% juveniles) were collected. Molecular diagnosis revealed a frequency of trypanosomatid parasite infection of 46.7%. Stage (p=0.024) was a determinant for infection. We discuss the role of D. marsupialis as a potential reservoir of parasitic trypanosomatids in the Vereda El Alférez.

ABSTRACT We studied the prevalence of infection by trypanosomatid parasites in Didelphis marsupialis and its relationship with morphological/age aspects in a rural area of El Carmen de Bolivar, Colombia. Five visits were made to the Vereda El Alférez; each of which lasted three consecutive nights. During these visits, Tomahawk® traps were installed in the peridomestic and wild ecotopes of the Vereda El Alférez. Body measurements, sex and age were determined from the collected animals. Blood was extracted by cardiopuncture, after sedation, in order to obtain total deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and amplify the conserved region of the kinetoplast minicircle DNA (kDNA) of parasitic trypanosomatids. The association between morphological parameters of didelphids and their frequency of infection by parasitic trypanosomatids was determined by binomial regression. Thirty D. marsupialis specimens (60.0% females and 40.0% males/66.7% adults and 33.3% juveniles) were collected. Molecular diagnosis revealed a frequency of trypanosomatid parasite infection of 46.7%. Stage (p=0.024) was a determinant for infection. We discuss the role of D. marsupialis as a potential reservoir of parasitic trypanosomatids in the Vereda El Alférez.

RESUMEN Se evaluó la prevalencia de infección por parásitos tripanosomátidos en Didelphis marsupialis y su relación con los aspectos morfológicos/etarios en una zona rural de El Carmen de Bolívar, Colombia. En cinco visitas (2018-2019) se instalaron trampas Tomahawk® en los ecótopos peridoméstico y silvestre en la Vereda El Alférez, durante tres noches consecutivas/visita. A los animales recolectados, se les determinaron medidas corporales, sexo y edad; y se les extrajo sangre por cardiopuntura, previa sedación, para extracción del ácido desoxirribonucleico (ADN) total y amplificación de la región conservada del ADN de minicírculos de kinetoplasto (ADNk) de parásitos tripanosomátidos. La asociación entre parámetros morfológicos de los didélfidos y su frecuencia de infección por parásitos tripanosomátidos fue determinada mediante una regresión binomial. Se recolectaron 30 individuos de D. marsupialis (60,0% hembras y 40,0% machos/66,7% adultos y 33,3% juveniles). El diagnóstico molecular reveló una frecuencia de infección por parásitos tripanosomátidos del 46,7%. El estadio (p=0,024) fue determinante para la infección. Se discute el papel de D. marsupialis como potencial reservorio de parásitos tripanosomátidos en la zona evaluada.

Abstract Background: Rivers and their associated vegetation are considered highly complex natural systems representing high biodiversity areas that work as biological corridors. Nevertheless, riparian vegetation of the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve (MBBR) has not been studied nor considered in the reserve’s management program. Questions: Which is the composition, structure, diversity, and state of conservation of the riparian vegetation of the MBBR? Study site and dates: The Senguio Microbasin, part of Sierra Chincua Priority Terrestrial Region, within the MBBR, in central México. 2016-2017. Methods: Using high-resolution imagery from 2014, we identified five joint categories in relation to the protection status (Core Zone, Buffer Zone, and Influence Area) and land use (conserved forest, highly disturbed forest, and farmland). We sampled three sites per category (N = 15) to analyze the composition, richness, and α and β diversity of the riparian communities. Results: We registered 108 species, 46 genera, and 18 families, of which 98 % are native and 2 % exotic. Richness and α-diversity were not significantly different among sites, but the composition and β-diversity showed significant differences depending on land use. The riparian vegetation is well conserved both in the Reserve´s Core and Buffer zones, and preserves high coverage, species richness, and individuals’ abundance. Conclusions: The riparian vegetation of the Senguio Microbasin hosts a biodiversity richness critical for the ecosystem’s health and evidences the relevance of considering the human use of the riparian systems to succeed in the conservation strategies.

Resumen Antecedentes: Los ríos y su vegetación asociada son sistemas naturales complejos que forman corredores biológicos de alta diversidad. En la Reserva de la Biosfera Mariposa Monarca (RBMM), la vegetación riparia no ha sido estudiada ni considerada en su programa de manejo. Preguntas: ¿Cuál es la composición, estructura, diversidad y estado de conservación de la vegetación riparia de la RBMM? Sitio y años de estudio: Microcuenca Senguio (Región Terrestre Prioritaria Sierra Chincua y RBMM), centro de México. 2016-2017. Métodos: Mediante imágenes de satélite de alta resolución identificamos cinco categorías integradas en relación con el estatus de protección (Zona Núcleo, Zona de Amortiguamiento y Área de Influencia) y uso del suelo (bosque conservado, bosque perturbado y tierras agrícolas). Muestreamos tres sitios por categoría (N = 15) y analizamos composición, riqueza y diversidad α y β de la vegetación riparia. Resultados: Registramos 108 especies (98 % nativas y 2 % exóticas), 46 géneros y 18 familias. La riqueza y la diversidad α no fueron significativamente diferentes entre los sitios muestreados. La composición y la diversidad β mostraron diferencias según el uso del suelo. La vegetación riparia de esta microcuenca está bien conservada tanto en Zona Núcleo como de Amortiguamiento, manteniendo alta cobertura, riqueza de especies y abundancia de individuos. Conclusiones: La vegetación riparia de la Microcuenca Senguio alberga una riqueza de biodiversidad fundamental para el estado del ecosistema, y pone en relieve la necesidad de considerar el manejo de los sistemas riparios para contribuir al éxito de las estrategias de conservación.

Resumo Os povos originários, na Amazônia brasileira, em muito têm contribuído com a domesticação de inúmeras espécies vegetais atualmente utilizadas. Todavia, esses povos enfrentam limitações legais para comercializar seus produtos florestais produzidos de forma sustentável. Nesse aspecto, o estudo teve como objetivo evidenciar a estrutura demográfica de Schizolobium parahybavaramazonicum(Huber ex Ducke) Barneby, em dois sítios, de condução da regeneração natural em área agricultável (policultivo) realizado por indígenas e floresta nativa, a fim de gerar indicadores para nortear a discussão acerca dos aspectos legais da silvicultura de condução de regeneração natural em terras indígenas, na Amazônia brasileira. Para a realização do estudo, foram amostrados três ambientes de ocorrência da referida espécie: florestas em estágios clímax conservada, floresta alterada e área de agricultura com a condução da regeneração natural da espécie, conduzido pelos povos originários. O resultado da pesquisa constatou que na floresta clímax e alterada a espécie tem densidade populacional reduzida em função de seu caráter ecológico, por ser heliófila. Quanto ao ambiente de condução da regeneração natural, a mesma espécie apresentou diferenciação estrutural dos demais ambientes, demonstrando o efeito da prática silvicultural da condução da regeneração, na forma de policultivo, associada a outras espécies agrícolas. Todavia, a vacância de amparo legal para comercialização da madeira pelos povos originários desincentiva esta prática silvicultural sustentável, e incentiva o cultivo simplificado como do café e outros cultivos agrícolas solteiros. brasileira utilizadas Todavia sustentável aspecto parahybavaramazonicumHuber parahybavaramazonicum Huber Ducke Barneby sítios policultivo (policultivo nativa conservada ecológico heliófila solteiros

Abstract Indigenous peoples, in the Brazilian Amazon, have contributed a lot to the domestication of countless plant species used by the contemporary population as a whole. However, these peoples currently face legal limitations to market their forest products produced in a sustainable manner. In this regard, the study aimed to show the population structure of Schizolobium parahyba var amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby, in environments conducive to natural regeneration and native forest. The species is used in the laminate industry in the region. The research also aims to contribute to the generation of indicators for discussion about the legal aspects of forestry to conduct natural regeneration in indigenous lands, in the Brazilian Amazon. To conduct the study, three environments of occurrence of the referred species were sampled: forests in climax and altered, and area under natural regeneration of the species, conducted by the original peoples, both environments located in the Amazon biome. The result of the study found that in the climax and altered forest the species has its population reduced due to its ecological character, since it is heliophile. Regarding the environment under natural regeneration, the same species showed structural differentiation from the other environments, demonstrating the effect of the forestry practice of conducting regeneration, in the form of polyculture, associated with other agricultural species. However, the lack of legal support for the commercialization of wood by native peoples discourages this sustainable forestry practice, and encourages simplified cultivation such as coffee and other single agricultural crops. whole However manner regard Huber Ducke Barneby region lands sampled biome character heliophile polyculture crops

Resumo Estudos que visam quantificar e analisar a dinâmica do crescimento da vegetação, fornecem informações para o manejo e conservação das florestas ao longo do tempo. Sendo assim, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi analisar a dinâmica e o crescimento em área basal, em diferentes intervalos (2008-2016; 2008-2017 e 2008-2019), em duas áreas com diferentes históricos de perturbação e uso, no município de Floresta - PE. Foram instaladas 40 parcelas permanentes de 20 m x 20 m, com coleta de dados do ano de 2008 até 2019, em duas áreas, A1: menos conservada e A2: mais conservada, em que foram medidos os indivíduos e fustes com circunferência a 1,30 m do solo ≥ 6 cm. Foi verificado o número de indivíduos e fustes por espécies, calculado a área basal nos diferentes intervalos, taxas de ingressos, mortalidade, crescimento bruto e líquido, incluindo e excluindo ingressos. Foi constatado decréscimo em número de indivíduos e fustes ao longo dos anos para ambas as áreas, no entanto, houve aumento na área basal da A1, 2008: 3,1 m2.ha-1; 2016: 3,8 m2.ha-1; 2017: 3,9 m2.ha-1 e 2019: 4,6 m2.ha-1, já na A2 ocorreu o inverso, com área basal inicial de 8,3 m2.ha-1; 6,4 m2.ha-1; 6,4 m2.ha-1; e 7,0 m2.ha-1, respectivamente, verificou-se ainda que nos anos de menos chuvas a área basal teve valor médio menor, o inverso é verdadeiro, maior volume precipitado significa aumento de área basal. Apesar da A1 ter se sobressaído, as altas taxas de mortalidade de fustes e indivíduos em todos os intervalos estudados fez com que a área basal diminuísse gradativamente, o crescimento líquido foi afetado, além disso nos anos de menores precipitações pluviométricas houve valores menores da área basal, evidenciando a dependência climática, impactando na dinâmica florestal.

Abstract Studies that aim to quantify and analyze the dynamics of vegetation growth provide information for the management and conservation of forests over time. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to analyze the dynamics and growth in basal area, at different intervals (2008-2016; 2008-2017 and 2008-2019), in two areas with different disturbance and use histories, in the municipality of Forest - PE. Forty permanent plots measuring 20 mx 20 m were installed, with data collection from the year 2008 to 2019, in two areas, A1: less conserved and A2: more conserved, in which individuals and shafts with a circumference of 1.30 were measured m from the ground ≥ 6 cm. The number of individuals and stems per species was verified, calculating the basal area at different intervals, rates of entry, mortality, gross and net growth, including and excluding entries. A decrease in the number of individuals and stems over the years was observed for both areas, however, there was an increase in the basal area of the A1, 2008: 3.1 m2.1.6ha-1; 2016: 3.8 m2.1.6ha-1; 2017: 3.9 m2.1.6ha-1 and 2019: 4.6 m2.1.6ha-1, while in (A2) the reverse occurred, with an initial basal area of 8.3 m2.1.6ha-1 ; 6.4 m2.1.6ha-1; 6.4 m2.1.6ha-1; and 7.0 m2.1.6ha-1, respectively, it was also found that in years with less rain the basal area had a lower mean value, the inverse is true, higher precipitated volume means an increase in basal area. Although A1 stood out, the high mortality rates of stems and individuals in all studied intervals caused the basal area to gradually decrease, the net growth was affected. basal, showing climate dependence, impacting forest dynamics.

Resumen En este trabajo presentamos los primeros resultados de los análisis tecno-morfológicos y geoquímicos realizados en 12 piezas de obsidiana recuperadas en el Norte de Pampa Seca (sur de Córdoba y San Luis). En esta área se propuso un aumento de la ocupación para el Holoceno tardío, junto con recurrencia en la ocupación de los sitios y la presencia de estrategias tecnológicas que calificamos como conservada en la mayoría de los contextos. En ese marco se destaca la identificación de recursos exóticos, como la ortocuarcita y la obsidiana, que no contaban con antecedentes de estudios previos. Los artefactos de obsidiana se registraron en 11 sitios superficiales distribuidos en toda el área. Por medio de la técnica de Fluorescencia de Rayos-X, se identificaron tres fuentes de obsidiana que vincula a los grupos locales con recursos procedentes de cordillera y piedemonte del oeste, distantes entre 250 y 575 km. La estrategia tecnológica aplicada para su manejo permite confirmar la presencia poco frecuente de la obsidiana en el equipamiento de los cazadores recolectores de la región pampeana, introducida como parte de vínculos de interacción social entre poblaciones.

Abstract In this paper we present the first results of the techno-morphological and geochemical analyzes carried out on 12 pieces of obsidian recovered in the North of Pampa Seca (south of Córdoba and San Luis). In this area, an increase in occupation was proposed for the late Holocene, together with recurrence in the occupation of the sites and the presence of technological strategies that we qualify as conserved in most contexts. In this framework, the identification of exotic resources, such as orthoquartzite and obsidian stands out, which had no antecedents of previous studies. Obsidian artifacts were recorded at 11 surface sites distributed throughout the area. By means of the X-ray Fluorescence technique, three sources of obsidian were identified that link local groups with resources from the western mountain range and foothills, between 250 and 575 km apart. In this sense, the technological strategy applied for its management allows confirming the infrequent presence of obsidian in the equipment of hunter-gatherers in the Pampean region, introduced as part of social interaction networks between populations.

Abstract The Peruvian Amazon, known for being the habitat of a large number of species, has been the subject of innumerable investigations in order to better understand its biodiversity. One of the most studied groups in this part of Peru is the Lepidoptera. However, despite the fact that there are some jobs in areas such as Loreto, Tingo María and even San Martín itself, there are still many parts of the jungle to be explored and evaluated. In this sense, it is considered very important to carry out research such as this one, which aimed to determine the diurnal lepidopteran species that inhabit the El Pelejo forest, San Martín, Peru. The samplings were carried out in a conserved area located within the property of Agroganadera Huallaga S. A. C. 31 species of Lepidoptera corresponding to five families were recorded, with Nymphalidae the one that presented the highest species richness. Likewise, all the species registered in the present investigation are in the Least Concern category according to the IUCN red list of species. This study represents the first list of lepidoptera for the El Pelejo Forest, being the basis for future research on diurnal butterflies in this important forest of the Peruvian Amazon.

Resumen La amazonia peruana, conocida por ser hábitat de un gran número de especies, ha sido objeto de innumerables investigaciones con la finalidad de comprender mejor su biodiversidad. Uno de los grupos más estudiados en esta parte del Perú es el de los lepidópteros. Sin embargo, a pesar de que hay algunos trabajos en zonas como Loreto, Tingo María e incluso el mismo San Martín, aún quedan muchas partes de la selva por explorar y evaluar. En ese sentido, se considera muy importante la realización de investigaciones como la presente, que tuvo como objetivo determinar las especies de lepidópteros diurnos que habitan el bosque El Pelejo, San Martín, Perú. Los muestreos se llevaron a cabo en un área conservada ubicada dentro de la propiedad de Agroganadera Huallaga S. A. C. Se registraron 31 especies de lepidópteros correspondientes a cinco familias, siendo Nymphalidae la que presentó mayor riqueza de especies. Asimismo, todas las especies registradas en la presente investigación se encuentran en la categoría de Preocupación Menor de acuerdo con la lista roja de especies de la IUCN. Este estudio representa el primer listado de lepidópteros para el Bosque El Pelejo, siendo la base para futuras investigaciones sobre mariposas diurnas en este importante bosque de la Amazonia peruana.

Resumen: Antecedentes y Objetivos: En un experimento de restauración iniciado en 2006 en un pastizal inducido, dentro de un paisaje dominado por selva tropical lluviosa en Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, se establecieron 24 parcelas cercadas, con tres tratamientos de restauración. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar, mediante fototrampeo, cuáles especies de mamíferos terrestres medianos o grandes (≥1 kg de peso) y con qué frecuencia visitaban las parcelas, a 12 años de iniciado el experimento. Métodos: Se utilizaron cámaras-trampa, en 18 de las 24 parcelas. Se hicieron dos muestreos, uno en el periodo lluvioso de 2018 y otro en el seco de 2019. Se determinó el número de especies y de registros fotográficos independientes para cada una, en cada tratamiento (parcelas excluidas del forrajeo del ganado: a) sin adición de plantas -sucesión natural-; con plantación de árboles, b) dispersados por viento y c) dispersados por animales) y temporada de muestreo. Resultados clave: El esfuerzo total de muestreo fue de 290 días/cámara-trampa. En el periodo lluvioso se obtuvieron 12 fotografías y cuatro vídeos de tlacuache (Didelphis spp.), armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) y guaqueque mexicano (Dasyprocta mexicana). En la época seca se registró al armadillo en 10 fotografías y cinco vídeos. Hubo pocos registros de mamíferos medianos, en comparación con fototrampeos en la selva conservada de la zona, y en solo siete de las 18 parcelas muestreadas. En general, hubo más registros en parcelas con cualquier tipo de plantación que en las de sucesión natural y esto fue más evidente en la época de lluvias. Conclusiones: La respuesta de los mamíferos medianos terrestres a la restauración parece ser más lenta que la registrada para otros grupos faunísticos (p. ej., murciélagos). Para evaluar la recuperación de la funcionalidad ecológica que incluye los roles ecológicos que desempeñan los mamíferos medianos en este experimento, se debe continuar y ampliar el esfuerzo de monitoreo.

Abstract: Background and Aims: In an experiment initiated in 2006 in an induced pasture, within a landscape dominated by tropical rainforest, in Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, 24 fenced plots with three restoration treatments were established. Our objective was to determine with camera trapping, which species of medium or large terrestrial mammals (≥1 kg in weight), and with what frequency, visited the plots 12 years after the establishment of the experiment. Methods: Camera traps were used in 18 of the 24 plots. Two censuses were carried out, one in the rainy season of 2018 and the other in the dry season of 2019. The number of species and the independent photographic records of each one were determined for each treatment (plots excluded from cattle: a) with no addition of plants -natural succession-; with tree plantations, b) dispersed by wind, and c) dispersed by animals) and each sampling season. Key results: The total sampling effort was 290 camera trap days. For the rainy season, 12 photographs and four videos of opossum (Didelphis spp.), nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) and Mexican agouti (Dasyprocta mexicana) were obtained. For the dry season, the armadillo was recorded in 10 photographs and five videos. There were few records of medium-sized mammals, compared to photo trapping in conserved forest in the area and only in seven of the 18 sampled plots. Overall, there were more records in plantations than in natural succession, and this was more evident in the rainy season. Conclusions: The response of medium-sized terrestrial mammals to restoration seems to be slower than recorded for other faunal groups (e.g., bats). To assess the recovery of ecological functionality that includes the ecological roles played by medium-sized mammals in this experiment, monitoring effort should be continued and expanded.

RESUMO A fragmentação do habitat é uma das fontes de ameaça global às populações de vida selvagem. Durante as últimas quatro décadas, o desenvolvimento urbano do litoral sul do Brasil teve um crescimento considerável, fragmentando o habitat da lagartixa-da-praia lagarto-da-areia Liolaemus occipitalis Boulenger, 1885, ameaçando-o de extinção. Para avaliar a influência do desenvolvimento urbano sobre esta espécie, usamos dados de marcação e recaptura para estudar duas populações, uma em uma área conservada raramente sujeita a perturbações, e a outra em uma área submetida a diferentes tipos de perturbações antrópicas. Exploramos as consequências dessa mudança na paisagem natural comparando estimativas de sobrevivência e abundância com Modelo Robusto de Pollock, e condição corporal dos indivíduos com análises de covariância e variância, em ambas as populações situadas no litoral sul do Brasil. A abundância da espécie foi semelhante nas duas áreas, mas a sobrevivência dos indivíduos foi menor na população perturbada do que na conservada. A condição corporal das fêmeas foi maior na área perturbada, enquanto que o CRC dos machos foi maior na área conservada. Este estudo mostra como impactos antrópicos podem afetar uma população de lagartos e a importância da manutenção de áreas protegidas e sua interconexão para a preservação de Liolaemus occipitalis.

ABSTRACT Habitat fragmentation is one of the sources of the global threat to wildlife populations. During the last four decades, urban development in Brazil’s southern coastline has seen considerable growth, fragmenting the habitat of the sand lizard Liolaemus occipitalis Boulenger, 1885, thus threatening it with extinction. In order to assess the influence of urban development on this species, we used tagging and recapture data to study two populations in Brazil’s southern coastline, one in a conserved area rarely subjected to disturbance and the other in an area undergoing different kinds of anthropogenic disturbance. We explored the consequences of this change in the natural landscape by comparing estimates of survival and abundance with Robust Design Model, and the body condition of individuals in both populations with analysis of covariance and variance. Survival of individuals were lower in the disturbed population than in the conserved population. The abundance of this lizard species was similar between populations. The body condition of females was higher in the disturbed area than in the conserved area, while males were similar among populations, but longer (SVL). This study shows how anthropic impacts can affect a population of lizards and the importance of maintaining protected areas and their interconnection to preserve Liolaemus occipitalis.

Resumo O ocre constitui-se em uma matéria-prima que, por sua natureza mineral, resistência e estabilidade, foi conservada em contextos arqueológicos desde o Pleistoceno superior, permitindo aos arqueólogos observarem sua exploração em situações funcionais e simbólicas distintas. O presente artigo pretende abordar a utilização do ocre na pré-história da Área Arqueológica Serra da Capivara, Piauí, em contextos funerários e rupestres. Discute-se aqui também o interesse por esse tipo de material ao longo do desenvolvimento da Arqueologia, as diferenças mineralógicas e as técnicas físico-químicas, para caracterizar sua composição. Pesquisas realizadas na Serra da Capivara têm apontado a larga utilização do ocre ao longo da pré-história. Esses vestígios, obtidos a partir de escavações e contextos arqueológicos distintos, podem ser evidenciados em diferentes estágios da cadeia operatória. A presença de ocre nos enterramentos ocorre nos seguintes contextos e processos: pigmentos à base de ocre aplicado direta e indiretamente sobre os ossos, artefatos e ecofatos pigmentados e ocres com e sem marcas de utilização. Nas pinturas rupestres, aparecem sob dois tipos de técnica de aplicação: líquida/pastosa e sólida. O ocre arqueológico evidenciado nessa área encontra-se homogêneo e livre de incrustações, demostrando a seleção prévia do material a ser utilizado.

Abstract Ochre is a raw material that has been preserved in archaeological contexts since the Upper Pleistocene because of its mineral nature, resistance, and stability, allowing archaeologists to observe how it was utilized in different functional and symbolic situations. This present addresses the prehistoric use of ochre in funerary and rupestrian contexts in the Serra da Capivara Archaeological Area (Piauí, Brazil). Also discussed are interest in this material throughout the development of archaeology, mineralogical differences, and the physical-chemical techniques utilized to determine its composition. Studies conducted in the Serra da Capivara have indicated widespread use of ochre throughout prehistory. This evidence, obtained from distinct excavations and archeological contexts, can be found in different stages of the operational chain. Ochre is found in burials in pigments applied directly and indirectly to bones, artifacts, and ecofacts, as well as pieces of ochre with and without use marks. In rock paintings, ochre was applied using two different techniques, as a liquid/paste and a solid. The archaeological ochre found in this area is homogeneous and free of incrustration (contaminants), indicating the materials were selected previous to use.

ABSTRACT Introduction: breast cancer has increased by 50% in the last two decades. Cathepsin B is a protease involved in the process of tumorigenesis. One of the current problems is the emergence of drug resistance. The search for new therapeutic alternatives can reduce its morbidity and mortality. Objective: in-silico structural and functional characterization of the conserved region in Cathepsin B as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of breast cancer. Methods: using the NCBI ENTREZ tool 2,485 Cathepsin B sequences were obtained. The sequences were subjected to multiple alignments using Clustall Omega 1.2.4. Structural and functional characterization of the protease under study was performed using the InterPro, Prosite, Uniprot and UniprotKB databases. Using the Jalview viewer, the largest conserved area of Cathepsin B species was chosen. Results: the protease is involved in the regulation of catalytic activity, proteolysis, negative regulation of cell death, collagen catabolic processes and possesses hydrolase activity. The multiple analyses allowed the visualization of the aminoacid characteristics of the active site of Cathepsin B and the selection of the most conserved protein region. Conclusions: the conserved region of Cathepsin B constitutes a potential target in the development of inhibitors as drugs against breast cancer. In-silico analysis reduces the cost of current research and contributes to pharmacological biosafety.

RESUMEN Introducción: el cáncer de mama se ha incrementado en un 50 % en las dos últimas décadas. La catepsina B es una proteasa que participa en el proceso de tumurogénesis. Uno de los problemas actuales es la aparición de resistencias a fármacos. La búsqueda de nuevas alternativas terapéuticas puede reducir su morbimortalidad. Objetivo: caracterizar in silico estructural y funcionalmente la región conservada en la catepsina B como blanco terapéutico potencial en el tratamiento del cáncer de mama Métodos: con el uso de la herramienta ENTREZ del NCBI se obtuvieron 2 485 secuencias de la catepsina B. Las secuencias son sometidas a un alineamiento múltiple empleando Clustall Omega 1.2.4. Se realiza la caracterización estructural y funcional de la proteasa en estudio a partir de las bases de datos InterPro, Prosite, Uniprot y UniprotKB. Con el empleo del visualizador Jalview se seleccionó la mayor zona conservada de las especies de catepsina B. Resultados: la proteasa participa en la regulación de la actividad catalítica, proteólisis, regulación negativa de la muerte celular, procesos catabólicos del colágeno y posee actividad hidrolasa. El análisis múltiple permitió la visualización de las características aminoacídicas del sitio activo de la catepsina B y la selección de la región proteica más conservada. Conclusiones: la zona conservada de la catepsina B constituye un blanco potencial en el desarrollo de inhibidores como fármacos contra el cáncer de mama. Los análisis in silico reducen costo de las investigaciones actuales y contribuyen a la bioseguridad farmacológica.

Abstract Puma (Puma concolor) coexists with bobcat (Lynx rufus) in Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve (RBTC). Because P. concolor is the largest feline in central México, puma's presence is an indicator of ecological integrity. Our objective was to compare puma and bobcat density in a conserved area within the reserve. We deployed 15 camera stations along the ridge and a dry riverbed in Mount Tepetroja in tropical dry forest. To estimate population density, we used capture-recapture models and analyzed images from 1 May 2013 to 30 April 2017 with MARK software and CAPTURE tool. For puma, we obtained a density of 6.8 ind/100 km2 in an effective trapping area (ETA) of 70 km2, and a mean maximum distance moved (MMDM) of 2.46 ± 0.45 km. For bobcat, our population density estimate (15.4 ind/100 km2 in ETA of 38 km2) and MMDM (1.76 ± 0.41 km) is the first for central Mexico in conserved native vegetation. Puma abundance was lower compared to bobcat abundance in the reserve's tropical dry forest; therefore, we infer that the wild felids' density is determined by their body size in an ecosystem with ecological integrity.

Resumen El puma (Puma concolor) coexiste con el gato montés (Lynx rufus) en la Reserva de la Biosfera Tehuacán-Cuicatlán (RBTC). El puma es el felino de mayor tamaño en el centro de México, por lo que su presencia es un indicador de integridad ecológica. Nuestro objetivo fue comparar la densidad de puma y de gato montés en una zona conservada dentro del área natural protegida. Colocamos 15 estaciones de fototrampeo a lo largo de la cima y de una cañada del cerro Tepetroja, en selva baja caducifolia. Para estimar la densidad poblacional utilizamos modelos de captura-recaptura y analizamos las imágenes del 1 de mayo de 2013 al 30 abril de 2017 con el programa MARK y la herramienta CAPTURE. Para el puma obtuvimos una densidad de 6.8 ± 2.0 ind/100 km2 en un área efectiva de muestreo ("effective trapping area", ETA) de 70 km2 y un promedio de distancia máxima de desplazamiento ("mean maximum distance moved", MMDM) de 2.46 ± 0.45 km. Para el gato montés, nuestra estimación de la densidad poblacional (15.4 ± 3.5 ind/100 km2 en ETA de 38 km2) y distancia de desplazamiento (MMDM = 1.76 ± 0.41 km) es la primera para el centro de México en vegetación nativa conservada. La abundancia de los pumas fue menor que la abundancia de los gatos monteses en la selva baja caducifolia de la reserva, por lo que inferimos que la densidad de los felinos silvestres está determinada por su tamaño corporal en un ecosistema que preserva su integridad ecológica.

ABSTRACT There are some variants of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) that are so unusual, such as distal limb weakness (DL-GBS), which features weakness restricted to the distal area of limbs (wrists, hands, ankles, and toes) with preserved muscle strength in the proximal areas during the course of the disease. We report the case of a 26 year-old woman, who at two weeks before admission showed mild distal motor deficit affecting the arms and afterwards her legs, and this was associated to diarrheal disease. Physical examination showed mild distal quadriparesis, with no hyporeflexia/ areflexia, and a positive Lasègue sign. Laboratory studies showed ferropenic anemia, immunological tests for commonly associated viruses, tumor markers and vitamin B12 levels were all normal. Also, CSF examination showed no alterations. Cerebral and cervical spine MRI studies were normal. Electromyography and nerve conduction velocity studies at the 10th day of the disease showed acute motor axonal neuropathy with no denervation. The benign form of presentation and progression led us to think this case is a mild GBS variant (DL-GBS), different from the usual AMAN-GBS variants, which are usually severe and have a poor prognosis.

RESUMEN Existen variantes del síndrome de Guillain-Barre (SGB) de muy poca presentación como la debilidad distal de extremidades del SGB (DL-GBS), que muestra una debilidad limitada a las regiones distales de las extremidades (muñecas, manos, tobillos y dedos de los pies) con la fuerza muscular conservada en las regiones proximales durante el curso de la enfermedad. Se reporta el caso de una mujer de 26 años que dos semanas antes del ingreso, presenta leve déficit motor distal de las extremidades superiores y posteriormente las extremidades inferiores, asociado a diarrea. Al examen: leve cuadriparesia distal, sin hipo/arreflexia y Lasegue positivo. Los estudios de laboratorio mostraron: anemia ferropénica, las pruebas inmunológicas para virus comúnmente asociados, marcadores tumorales, pruebas toxicológicas y dosaje de Vitamina B12 fueron normales. Así mismo, el examen de líquido cefalorraquídeo no mostró alteraciones. Los estudios de RMN cerebral y columna cervical fueron normales. Los estudios de electromiografía y velocidad de conducción nerviosa (EMG-VCN) al décimo día de la enfermedad mostro una neuropatía axonal motora aguda sin denervación. Por las características benignas de su presentación y evolución hace suponer que se trata de una variante leve del SGB (DL-SGB), que difiere de las variantes normales de AMAN-SGB que generalmente son graves y de pobre pronóstico.